Many doctors jokingly call prostatitis male menopause.Such a disease is diagnosed in 20% of cases in men after forty years, in 70% - after sixty years and in 90% of cases after the age of seventy years.The disease can occur in two forms: acute prostatitis and chronic.This disease must be treated, especially since it lends itself well to therapy.But many men ignore unpleasant symptoms, which leads to the development of many complications that becomes more difficult to cure.
The reasons for the development
Acute prostatitis is an acute prostate pathology, which develops as a result of the inflammatory-infectious process in the organ due to the penetration of pathogens into its tissue.The disease is characterized by the appearance of swelling of the gland, purulent contents in its tissues.This leads to the appearance of many unpleasant symptoms, impaired functionality of the genitourinary system.
There are many causes of acute prostatitis.In most cases, it provokePathrotage microbes.Some of the microbes can exist in the body of a healthy person in a passive form on the skin or in the intestines.Under the influence of some factors, they are activated, penetrate into the tissues of the gland and actively multiply there.Often the ailment appears due to STDs, for example,chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, gonorrheaetc.
Also acute form of prostatitis occurs as a complicationurethritis.Microbes fall through the ducts that open into the urethra.Also, often the cause of prostatitis is the spread of bacteria from other organs of the genitourinary system.Often iron can be affectedduring surgical manipulations, catheterization, diagnostic measures.
Since there is a large amount of blood vessels in the prostate gland, the infection here can get with a blood stream in the presence of chronic pathologies in the body, for example,Tonsillitis, bronchitis etc.If anyanal cracksPerhaps the penetration of microbes into a prostate with a lymph current.
But infections do not always lead to the development of the disease.Stagnant phenomena in the vessels of the pelvic region that developwith prolonged abstinence from sexual contacts or a huge number.
Stagnant phenomena are associated withlack of physical activity, constant constipation, alcoholism, varicose veins in the pelvic region, hypothermia of the body.
Classification
In urology, several forms of pathology are distinguished, which are its stages of development:
- Catarrhal formIt is characterized by the appearance of inflammation in the organ, a change in its mucous epithelium.Over time, swelling of the gland occurs, a mucous-humble secret gathers in it, contributing to the progression of the disease.
- Then focal suppuration appears.The disease goes into the second stage (form) -Folicular form.The urinary ducts narrow or clog, the secret ceases to stand out normally from the organ.Pus can be released into the urinary channel, forming purulent foci there.The gland cells change, the prostate continues to swell and increase in size.
- Parenchymal formIt develops when the organ is completely inflamed, purulent infection develops in it.In the absence of therapy, small purulent foci merge into one huge, an abscess develops, which often opens into the urethra, intestines and bladder.In some cases, it is possible to immediately develop this form of pathology when the infection penetrates into the interstitial tissue of the organ with a blood or lymph flow.
Symptoms
The symptoms are pronounced vividly prostatitis.How much the signs will be visible and noticeable will depend on the form (stage) of the disease.The general signs of the disease include the following:
- pain syndrome when eliminating urine;
- symptoms of intoxication;
- pain in the genital region;
- frequent urge to the toilet, especially at night;
- Discharges from the urethra are possible.
As the prostatitis progresses in a man, the pain syndrome will spread to other areas.This is due to the transmission of impulses by nervous endings.The excretion of urine becomes very painful.Often at this stage, its sharp delay develops, which is considered a dangerous state, as it can lead to rupture of the bladder.
Symptoms in acute prostatitis continue to increase.Severe pain in defecation appears, body temperature increases.The prostate becomes increased, dense and painful.Urina will be muddy due to the content of pus and mucus.
At the last stage, the disease manifests itself strongly.
The body temperature increases greatly, fever and chills, loss of appetite, strong weakness, exhaustion of the body as a whole join it.Urination may completely stop, when trying to go to the toilet, a man will experience acute severe pain.This condition is painful, the pain syndrome begins to spread throughout the pelvic area.A man cannot find a place for himself, he is forced to lie with compressed limbs.If the inflammation spreads to the rectum, then mucus will come out of the anus.A yellow-green mucus with an admixture of blood is released from the urinary canal.
This condition can causeSepsis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, chronic prostatitis, abscess.In this case, urgent hospitalization of the patient and emergency treatment is required.
Diagnostics
Since the symptoms of acute prostatitis in men appear quite brightly, the doctor can immediately suspect the pathology.But he needs to conduct a thorough examination.The rectal examination in this case is strictly contraindicated.
The urologist must determine the stage (form) of the disease using laboratory and instrumental techniques.The doctor takesThe secret of prostatefor research.It will increase the concentration of leukocytes, which indicates acute inflammation.
Then carry outLaboratory tests of blood and urine.The urine is sent for bacteriological sowing for study, as well as the determination of the pathogen of infection and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.It is also possible:
- PCR to determine the STD;
- Urofloometry to identify the severity of violations in the organ;
- An ultrasound of the prostate in order to determine the shape and size of the organ, changes in it, the stages of the course of the disease;
- Dopplerometry helps to distinguish acute prostatitis from other pathologies;
- MRI of the pelvic organs is often prescribed when planning surgical intervention;
- Analysis of the concentration of spa in the blood;
- study of the strokes of discharge from the urethra;
- Puncture of the sections of the body with suspicion of purulent infection and abscess.
Treatment
How to treat acute prostatitis, a urologist will tell in detail.The main component of therapy is the antibacterial drug, which is selected in accordance with the results of Bakposev.For two or three days, the antibiotic begins to help, a person feels much better, the pain begins to subside.But with this form of the disease, such drugs need to be taken for one month, even if the symptoms have completely disappeared.
This is also necessary so that the disease does not turn into a chronic form, which is observed quite often.
When choosing the drug, the doctor takes into account other factors:
- Some products poorly penetrate into the tissue of the gland;
- Other funds are accumulated in fabrics in large quantities.
Treatment of acute prostatitis in men should be based on the use of powerful drugs, as in other cases that threaten human life.Typically, doctors are prescribed fluoroquinolones.When using macrolides, the dosage should be large.This is especially true in patients with immunosuppression.
Typically, antibiotics are administered using intravenous injections.At the initial stage, the disease can be treated at home or outpatient.In this case, bed rest is prescribed, since any power load can provoke the spread of infection and the development of sepsis.
In combination with antibiotics, the following drugs are also prescribed:
- analgesics;
- antipyretic drugs;
- NSAIDs;
- With severe pain, an opiate can be prescribed;
- diuretics to reduce intoxication of the body;
- laxatives in order to facilitate defecation;
- antispasmodic drugs to facilitate the excretion of urine;
- Alpha blockers.
If a man has a sharp delay in urine, catheterization of the urea is carried out.Often, antiandrogens are used in order to reduce swelling and inflammation in the organ, improve the outflow of secretion, normalize blood flow in the gland, and reduce the risk of infection in the body.
It is possible to use hormones, for example, estrogen, cold enemas for removing edema and pain.Massage and thermal procedures in this form of the disease are strictly prohibited.They can only be used during the recovery period.
Surgical intervention
In the absence of pain, the doctor can suspect the development of the abscess.In this case, surgical intervention is carried out to eliminate the areas on which it occurs.Often use the puncture drainage of the abscess.In severe and extreme cases, the organ is removed.
The operation is prescribed in the presence of an abscess, an acute delay of urine, a strong pain syndrome, which is not eliminated by any drugs, the appearance of stones and neoplasms, as well as with the ineffectiveness of drug treatment, frequent infections of the genitourinary system, paraproctitis.
The surgeon can use one of the following methods:
- Corpse (transurethral resection)It involves the removal of the inside of the organ.Used most often;
- Prostatectomyinvolves partial or complete removal of the organ through an incision in the lower abdomen;
- Laser operation.In this case, the affected areas of the body are removed using a laser;
- Abscess drainageIt is carried out through the rectum.Drainage is introduced into the incision through which pus is pumped;
- To facilitate the excretion of urine, is carried outTransuretal incisionin the organ.
When the structure of the gland tissue is restored, its functions are normalized, the secret of the prostate normalizes its composition, the pathogen will be completely eliminated from the body, we can talk about the cure of prostatitis.
Forecast
During therapy, the prognosis of the disease will be good.Sometimes the negative consequences of acute prostatitis develop.The disease can go into a chronic form, then it will be harder to eliminate.The dangerous consequences of an untreated disease are the abscess of the organ, sepsis, and acute urinary retention.In some cases, due to the appearance of complications, death may occur.But usually men do not allow such consequences to the development of such consequences, as they come to the doctor and begin the course of therapy.
Prevention
In order to prevent prevention, it is necessary to prevent the appearance of predisposing factors.This requires timely treating all infections in the body so that they do not turn into a chronic form and do not become potential foci of infection, which will spread to the prostate gland.
When conducting surgical manipulations, the doctor should pay attention to the use of antiseptics.Otherwise, the risk of microbes enters the patient's body.It is important that the man and his sexual partner are timely treating STD, and it is best to prevent their appearance.Sexual life should take place with one permanent partner, it should be regular.
It is necessary to lead a mobile lifestyle, play sports or perform physical exercises, observe the rules of intimate hygiene.
Men usually turn to doctors in extreme cases.But when negative signs appear, it is better to contact them right away.This will help to avoid many health problems and even in some cases to save life.